Black Spruce (P. nigra or mariana), Norway Spruce (P. abies), Canadian Spruce (P. glauca). Obtained by steam distillation of the needles and twigs. Pale yellow with sweet balsamic coniferous fragrance.
Main Components: pinene, carene, camphene.
Actions*: antiseptic, analgesic, nervine, expectorant, immuno-stimulating, deodorant, clearing mind.
Applications*: anexiety, stress, grounding, rheumatism, arthritis, sore muscles and joints, dyspepsia, asthma, bronchitis, acne.
Safety data: non-toxic, slight skin irritant, non-sensitizing.